Linda+Yang-+What+types+of+information+do+chemist+use+to+arrange+elements+on+the+periodic+table?

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What types of information do chemist use to arrange elements on the periodic table?

The periodic table is a powerful tool for understanding the elements. The word, periodic refers to a repeating pattern. The periodic table arranges the elements, that’s according to a repeating pattern of a shared chemical properties. The chemist can predict the physical and chemical qualities of their individual members by knowing the general characteristics of these families.

Chemist used the atomic mass to calculate how much the elements weighed in comparison to each other. Chemist puts the known elements in order of increasing atomic mass. They formed it from left to right in horizontal rows. The most important thing about this, is that whenever they began a new row each time, they found an element that shared the qualities of one before it. For an example, each of the vertical column contained the elements with the same number of valence electrons, and so it has a similar chemical properties. All the elements in the periodic table’s first column, which is hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium, reacts strongly with water. Water’s reaction with each of these elements, are growing stronger as one moves down the column from hydrogen, growing explosive by the time it reaches sodium. Each of these columns became known as a family.

Some of the elements in the periodic table seems out of order. These pairs are argon-potassium, cobalt-nickel, and tellurium-iodine. That’s because the chemist arranged them according to their atomic number, which is the number of protons that’s within an atomic nucleus. In each of these pairs, the second element did not have a higher atomic weight. Instead, they had a lower atomic weight. When the chemist found out that it was plain that these elements were correctly placed. It was because they had to be put in order, by the atomic numbers. Chemist knows that in each element's atomic number tells the positive charge of its atomic nucleus. Meaning it can tell the numbers of protons that occur in its atomic nucleus. Sometimes, the number of neutrons in the nucleus equal to the number of protons. The whole periodic table is arranged by the atomic number which places them in order of increasing atomic weight. For an example, cobalt. Cobalt comes before nickel, because it has a bit larger atomic mass. This is because the most common form of the cobalt has two more neutrons in its atomic nucleus than the most common form of a nickel. The periodic table is arranged in an organize similar elements in vertical rows, that is called groups, or families. Some of the most important families includes the noble gases, which is the six elements that is located in the far-right column. The word noble is used by the chemist, which means it does not react easily with the other elements.

The first period consist of only 2 elements, which is hydrogen and helium. Both of them are separated on either side of the table. A large gap separates the first 2 and last 6 elements of periods two and three. The sixth and seventh rows are called the “long” periods. Each rows contain 32 elements. These two periods were to be put below the rest of the table, but they still joined the rest of the elements. The periodic table was arranged in three general categories. From the left and the center of the table are the metals. They are recognized by their hardness and luster. They are described by their characteristic to control electricity and heat. Hydrogen, which is sitting by itself at the top of the first family, is quite an unique element. It can be both metal and nonmetal or neither.

The metals and nonmetals are separated by a stair-step dividing line that is made up of eight “metalloids," which means elements with midway properties.



On the right of the table are the nonmetals. These elements are tend to be soft and crumbly, and they actually control rather poorly.



Information Cited: APA (American Psychological Association) style:The Periodic Table. (2011). In //Elements//. Retrieved February 8, 2011, from Expert Space http://expertspace.grolier.com/article?id=10001577&product_id=ngohttp://e21.grolier.com/article?id=10001577&product_id=ngo

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